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 Valuable sites in English on Mussolini are limited, this page indicates the
more useful.
See also:
 Ideologies of left & right:
Comparison of the ideologies of left and right that were fundamental
to the growth of the ideas of fascism
casahistoria pages on
Hitler
·
Franco
·
Peron
and
The South American Military Regimes
General
Definitions
A
clear and concise account of the origins and development of Fascism by Dr C
Jazwinski.
The original site is now dead. This is a copy.
What is
Fascism Some General
Ideological Features by Matthew N. Lyons, an independent scholar and
freelance writer who studies reactionary and supremacist movements.
Fascism in Europe: Documents and articles
Excellent selection from the Mosaic Perspectives on
western civilisation site
§
Fascist Ideology
This page is for educational
purposes, and a project for a history course at the US Dickinson
College....The red background is grim though.........
§
14
Features of Fascism as defined by Umberto Eco set out very clearly in a
table form with edited examples of modern examples of fascism.
§
'The Anatomy of Fascism' By Zeev Sternhell, Reply by Adrian Lyttelton
from New York Review of Books
Fascism: A Reader's Guide Edited by Walter Laqueur. This is the extract by Zeev
Sternhell, Colorado College from Laqueur. Academic survey of the movement.
The Nature of Fascism Extract
from the Roger Griffin book, (St. Martin's Press, 1991), where he attempts
to define "generic fascism," - the term he uses for those characteristics
which are found in all fascist movements and ideologies, from Mussolini's
Fascist Party to contemporary neo-fascist organizations.
 The
functions of fascism. (Download link is at the
bottom of the page). Podcast lecture by Michel Parenti who argues that
fascism is a new order and consciousness that served the same old power
structure and promised to solve the ills of the many while protecting the
interests of the few. He answers in detail who financed the Fascist parties
and what services the fascists rendered in return. Podcast by
a-Infos Radio project
Economic Fascism
Looks at the broader global appeal of fascism in the inter
war period - especially to industrialists. By Thomas J. DiLorenzo 1994 in
Truth
Seeker
Race and Visualism
Interesting look at impact of fascism (and other influences) on how society
has visualised itself. By
William
Washabaugh
§
Trotsky on Fascism - What It
Is and How To Fight It
Discover
Leo Trotsky's attitude towards fascism through a pamphlet he wrote in the
1930's. Read his definition of the movement.
Italian Fascism
From the Modern History Source
Book.
Journal
of Historical Review - Italian Fascism
James B. Whisker details the history of
fascism in Italy and presents his interpretation of the movement. Difficult
but very thorough.
Nichols, Leroy W. - Fascism Article by L W
Nichols details the ideological roots of fascism and examines how the
doctrine was applied to the Italian government.
§
Mussolini on Fascism Read
excerpts from a document on fascism Benito Mussolini helped write for
Encyclopedia Italiana in 1932.
Eternal Fascism: Fourteen Ways of Looking at a Blackshirt
Umberto Eco
Writing in New York Review of Books, 22
June 1995, pp.12-15. Excerpted in Utne Reader, November-December 1995, pp.
57-59. Clear listing of specific characteristics
Historical
interpretations
Futurism
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Futurism Click on this site to see the Italian revolutionary Art
that influenced young Mussolini. Clearly presented. A good place to start. Do not select the full screen option......
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Futurism A committed, but interesting arts site on the movement.
From the introduction to the site: Futurism was an international
art movement founded in Italy in 1909. It was (and is) a refreshing
contrast to the weepy sentimentalism of Romanticism. The Futurists loved
speed, noise, machines, pollution, and cities; they embraced the exciting
new world that was then upon them rather than hypocritically enjoying the
modern world’s comforts while loudly denouncing the forces that made them
possible. Fearing and attacking technology has become almost second nature
to many people today; the Futurist manifestos show us an alternative
philosophy. Too bad they were all Fascists....
-
Modernism
Web site of the V&A exhibition in London (May-July '06) the V&A. Very
useful site bringing together a mass of exhibits, drawings and photos it
looks at the development of the movement in the interwar period. The
focus is rightly on developments in central & eastern Europe and index
can be centred on countries individually.
casahistoria
home visit
caféhistoria
for updates and current topic news
2.
Biographies of Mussolini
Biographies (and the many
YouTube clips) of Mussolini on the web
are, if anything, even more subjective than those on Lenin, Stalin, Castro
and Che. The following are amongst the most useful. Use others with care to
note any bias.
Mussolini, family man....
-
Power-mad Mussolini sacrificed wife and son
2007 Article from The Guardian by John Hooper
about how Mussolini treated his first wife
Ida Dalser, and their son Benito
Albino
-
Lady of the Axis 1939 Time article about the ambitious influence of
Mussolini's eldest daughter, Edda, wife of Count Ciano
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Margherita Sarfatti - The Jewish mother of Fascism Detailed article
about Mussolini's first mistress. Sarfatti wrote art criticism when Benito
Mussolini was appointed editor of the socialist journal Avanti in 1912. This
is the story of their relationship told following an interview with her
granddaughter. By Saviona Mane.
- Clara Petacci
Basic details on Mussolini's mistress from NNDB
casahistoria
home visit
caféhistoria
for updates and current topic news
3. Italy - The Fascist
State
Rise to Power
Life in Italy
Fascism in Italy: The F word
detailed review article from the Economist, 2005, looking at
Richard Bosworth's “Mussolini's Italy” - an attempt to
outline the impact of fascism upon Italian society. Well
worth reading
The Patron State: Culture & Politics in
Fascist Italy, by Maria Susan
Stone. Useful review article by C Bertrand.
Women and the family
Women
in Fascist Italy
See the separate casahistoria
section in the Women in Totalitarian
States site.
Sections include:
Control & Propaganda
-
 Arturo Bocchini and the secret political police in fascist
Italy.
Detailed article from: The Historian, 1998 by Italo G Savella.
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Mussolini's Rival's: The Limits of the
Personality Cult in Fascist Italy,
The Cult of the Duce’ -
the cultivation of Mussolini’s image as the leader and ruler of
Fascist Italy - was a very complex phenomenon. It also differed
in some very important ways from the leadership cults in two
other totalitarian states between the wars, Nazi Germany and the
Soviet Union. But the most serious difference was that Mussolini
had rivals, representing influential, non-Fascist forces in
Italian society. Eventually, these rivals eclipsed Mussolini in
popularity among the Italian people.
John Pollard article (1998)in
New Perspective.
- From the
Fry Collection of the University of
Wisconsin-Madison archive:
The Church
Racial policies
-
Racial Theories in Fascist Italy By Aaron Gillette (2002).
Google Book extracts. This is the first book to examine in detail
the debates over racial theory in fascist Italy between the academic
and scientific communities, and among the fascist leadership itself.
Gillette analyzes the shifting official policies on race that
resulted from the influence of Nazi Germany, prominent fascists and
scientists and Mussolini himself on racist theory.
-
The racial question From the
Fry Collection of the University of
Wisconsin-Madison archive.
casahistoria
home visit
caféhistoria
for updates and current topic news
4. Comparisons with other totalitarian states
See
the comparison table of totalitarian states in
casahistoria
vilification of
enemy leadership. Interesting site, well illustrated, looking at how
cartoonists lampooned Mussolini and the Axis leadership.
casahistoria
home visit
caféhistoria
for updates and current topic news
5. The end of
Mussolini
casahistoria
home visit
caféhistoria
for updates and current topic news
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Blackshirts
and Reds - Rational Fascism