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6. After Franco - transition & coming to terms 

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• Spain--A Country Study Introductory series of (sometimes very concise) articles. US Library of Congress. Good place to start for an overview in English. Links to key sections:
  • The Post-Franco Era
  • Transition to Democracy
  • Disenchantment with UCD Leadership
  • Growth of the PSOE and the 1982 Elections
  • Spanish Foreign Policy in the Post-Franco Period
• Spain After Franco Essay by Omar Encarnacion. looks in narrative form at the (successful) move to democracy. World Policy Journal 2001/2
• Juan Carlos I: the democratic king Article looks at the key role of Juan Carlos I in the transition to democracy. UNESCO Courier,  Nov, 1995  by Ramon Luis Acuna.
• La Transiciόn from Vespito.net:▫
  • Carrero y Arias Los europeos contra el franquismo
  • El franquismo contra los europeos
  • Franco muere y nace un Rey
  • «Adolfo, te quiero pedir un favor»
  • La reforma política
  • La situación pre-electoral
  • Dos dimisiones

Terrorism & Coups

• from Armed Conflict Events Data site:
  • Basque Terrorism: Spain 1968-Present
  • Catalan Terrorism: Spain 1980-Present
  • Spanish Embassy: Guatemala 1980
  • Spanish Military Coup 1981
  • GAL Terrorism: Spain 1983-Present

Remembering, reconciliation and removing the Franco remnants

• Institutional Legacies & Collective Memories: Problems in the Spanish Transition to Democracy. Detailed paper given by Paloma Aguilar, June1999  §
• Opening Franco's Graves Article abstract from Archaeology by by Mike Elkin about early exhumations. see also the BBC 2002 item: Spain digs up civil war graves (includes maps and pictures)
• Dark is the room where we sleep. Online exhibition of the photos taken in 2004 by Francesc Torres who joined forces with a forensic anthropology team as they uncovered the mass grave of 46 Republicans killed in the village of Villamayor de los Montes, and buried in an unmarked mass grave.
• Dulce Chacón: The Sleeping Voice Review by Elizabeth Nash of the book that tells of the women who lost the war: female prisoners who suffered the vilest atrocities of Spain's most miserable epoch, and were forced to remain silent. Their silence - their sleeping voice - is only now ending.
• Families Search for Truth of Spain’s ‘Lost Children’ 2009 New York Times article about how Provincial judges are now investigating the cases of children taken from left-wing families as part of an effort to purge Franco’s Spain of Marxist influence.
• International justice begins at home (2003) Looks at the uneasy question of why Spain's lawyers are so prominent in pursuing Latin American generals but less keen to pursue issues arising out of the Franco period. Carlos Alberto Montaner
  Miami Herald.
• Spain torn on tribute to victims of Franco 2003 Guardian article by Giles Tremlett on Aznar's ruling People's party planned to boycott homage by parliament to victims of Franco
• Madrid removes last Franco statue 2005 BBC article on the removal by the Madrid authorities of the city's last statue of  Franco.
• Main points of Spain's Historical Memory Law Clearly presented from Herald Tribune. If the article does not load, see the Wikipedia entry based on it by clicking here
• Judge opens inquiry into Spain's 'red terror' victims 2008 Guardian article on how Baltasar Garzón, judge who chased up many latin American generals, has asked Spain's authorities for a list of those killed on the orders of the tribunals set up by the leftwing Republican authorities in Madrid during the three-year civil war that ended in 1939.
• Association for the Recovery of Historical Memory
• La Memoria de los nuestros site to remember the (nationalist) atrocities of the war. (The web site can be the subject of attacks by nationalists)
• The War and Exile Association
• Monuments to Franco New York Times slide show of statues removed and inside the monumental Valley of the Fallen