"Anti-socials/Social Undesirables"

• The Forgotten Victims of the Holocaust Homosexuals, Gypsies (Roma), the disabled and others were also persecuted during the Third Reich.
• The Nazi persecution of Homosexuals A small site, with good bibliography §
• Nazi persecution of Homosexuals. Very detailed site from US Holocaust Museum.

Jewish Persecution

• Nazi Propaganda Useful articles from the US Holocaust Museum which examine the role of propaganda in anti-semitism. See also:
  • Propaganda: Defining the Enemy
  • Deceiving the Public
• From the lecture series by Prof Rempel
  • Chronology of Holocaust
  • Introduction to Holocaust
  • Holocaust Origins
  • Wannsee Conference 
  • The Question of Guilt
  • Defeat and Chaos
• Der Stürmer Details  about Julius Streicher's anti-Semitic newspaper, Der Stürmer. Click for a selection of Sturmer cartoons
• Antisemitic images  Click on a theme for an interactive explanation from the US Holocaust Museum
• Nuremberg laws The wording in translation
• The Tragedy of the S.S. St. Louis The story of how over 900 Jews attempted to escape from Nazi Germany to Cuba in 1939
• Emigration From Germany Small but interesting site to Jewish emigration out of nazi Germany. Good visuals including images of the passes issued by the nazi authorities for would be emigrants.
• The Madagascar Plan  The Nazi plan to move Europe's Jews to the African island of Madagascar
• The Yellow Jewish Badge The history of the armbands and yellow Stars of David which labelled the Jews.
• Academic antisemitism: the Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen and the Jews by Tim Grady, (winner of 2001 History today dissertation award). looks at university compliance with anti semitic laws. §
• Everyday Murder - Nazi Atrocities, Committed by Ordinary People Spiegel article that reveals how from doctors to opera singers, teachers to truant schoolchildren, the extermination of European Jews was the work of roughly 200,000 ordinary Germans and their helpers. Years of research reveal how sane members of a modern society committed murder for an evil regime. By Georg Bönisch and Klaus Wiegrefe.
• Revealed: women's role in Nazi crimes Full 2009 Daily Mail article on book (Täterinnen: Frauen im Nationalsozialismus) by Kathrin Kompisch which shows that women played as great a role in Nazi atrocities as the men.

The Final Solution

• Text of the Wannsee Protocol This site has the minutes of the meeting between Nazi officials on January 20, 1942 where they discussed the process of the Final Solution.
• World War II and Holocaust Photographs from the Simon Wiesenthal Center An alphabetical listing of the photograph categories available from the Simon Wiesenthal Center's online encyclopedia.
• Holocaust Glossary Are you confused about some of the terms relating to the Holocaust? Since the Holocaust vocabulary was formulated from many different languages, understanding these terms can be difficult. Here's a glossary to help you.
• Holocaust Memorial Museum New York   This lavish site provides a mass of information as well as temporary web "exhibitions". The downside is the time many pages take to load......
• Remember.org Vast site of resources including witness accounts and Virtual Tours of Auschwitz and Birkenau Camps This sounds exploitive, but is actually presented in a sober and instructive way.
• Hitler's European Holocaust Helpers 2009 article from Der Spiegel describes the collusion of other European countries in the Holocaust which has received surprisingly little attention until recently.
• Lodz Ghetto  Throughout Europe, Jews were crowded into ghettos before being systematically murdered in the death camps. Follow the history of the ghetto in Lodz, Poland.
• Galicia Jewish Museum Site of the Krakow museum which exists to commemorate the victims of the Holocaust & to celebrate the Jewish culture of Galicia.
• Anne Frank House. Well presented. Choose your language (click on top right of the opened page)
• Josef Mengele site with a focus on his victims and life.  §
• Nazi Gold, Jewish Accounts, and Swiss Banks For several months, the controversy over Switzerland's role in World War II has raged in the media, among people, and between nations.
• Leisure Photos of Camp Guards Shock Germans Article from Spiegel on 2007 release of photos of SS officers sitting in canvas chairs, participating in sing-alongs and enjoying their free time at a recreation home near Auschwitz.

• Holocaust Poetry A selection of poems from the holocaust.

Witness accounts

• Klemperer diaries. Three sites of interest:
  • Extracts from the Klemperer diaries §
  • Surviving the Firestorm English language article with extracts and facsimiles outlining the survival of the diaries. From Der Spiegel
  • The Diaries of Victor Klemperer: discussion by Susie Ehrmann, Jewish Holocaust Museum and Research Centre, Melbourne Australia. She explores two key questions. Firstly, she asks why did many German Jews hesitate for so long, too long, before leaving? They had the luxury of six years, from 1933 to 1939 and even up to 1941, before all doors closed. Why did approximately one-third wait and perish? Secondly, she uses Klemperer's observations to assess Goldhagen’s thesis that German civilian society was deeply, and uniformly, and virulently anti-Semitic throughout the 1930’s. §
• Anne Frank (1929-1945)  A young girl who hid from the Nazis during the Holocaust, Anne Frank has touched many who have read her famous diary. This is a page with links to many Anne Frank materials.
• Anne Frank Channel See the only existing film footage of Anne Frank, made during the wedding of her neighbour on 22 July 1941. Anne Frank is seen briefly leaning out of the upstairs window of her house in Amsterdam to get a good look at the bride and groom. It is the only time Anne Frank has ever been captured on film.
• Personal histories from New York Holocaust Museum. Well set out in a theme wall
• Memories Project of witness accounts of World War II. This worthwhile Project includes the recalled stories of those who were children then from all over Europe during the war. Brief and personal (and available in several languages) they offer a unique insight into the time, but remember the possible limitations of memoirs written long after an event.
  • Coping with discrimination under the Nazi regime, Lotte, the Vienna Schoolgirl. Lotte Evans tell her story of growing up in Nazi Vienna as a girl with one set of Jewish grandparents, making her of mixed race, a Mischling
  • Kristallnacht, the night of broken glass, Susan's story of Nuremberg's episode of Nazi brutality. She was aged 11 at the time and was later able to escape to England.
  • A German Jewish Schoolboy,and the events of Kristallnacht Two personal stories of Peter Sinclair, 12 in 1933
• Auschwitz survivors, 60 Years on. Witness accounts from the Guardian Review of (Jewish & non Jewish) survivors today (Jan 2005). Puts a real human dimension and context to the history. Click for each account:
  • Maria and Alec Ossowski Polish resistance fighters tell their story.
  • Trude Levi Story of a Hungarian Jew.
  • Leon Greenman The first thing you notice about Leon Greenman's large but shabby terraced house in Ilford is that it has mesh shutters. He had them put up 10 years ago, soon after the National Front threw bricks through the windows.....
  • Barbara Stimler now lives in an immaculate bungalow in Stanmore, north London. "All my life I wanted to have a nice home," she says, "because I lost my home when I was 12 years old."
  • Anita Lasker Wallfisch is a cellist. Music is her life; music also saved her life: she played in the women's orchestra in Auschwitz.
  • Mayer Hersh a Polish Jew, is 78. After the war, he settled in Manchester and worked as a tailor, a high-class tailor.
• Among Hitler's Executioners on the Eastern Front interview with Annette Schücking-Homeyer who, as a young woman, served as a Red Cross volunteer on the Eastern Front in Ukraine. In the lengthy 2009 Spiegel  interview, the retired judge discusses the horrors committed against the Jews in the Ukraine, and explores the important questions of how everyone knew about them and why, even after the war, most people just wanted to forget.

Women in Nazi Germany For extensive links click to visit the Nazi Germany section in casahistoria, Women in Totalitarian States. Sections include Role of women |Nazi women: case studies | Women & art | Eugenics & sterilisation |Women & the camps | Women & War