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 Totalitarian Life Under Fascism - Fry Collection Exhibit. Excellent
site with a difference. Set out like museum exhibits, the University of
Wisconsin-Madison's archive of printed items relates to the fascist
movement in Italy from 1922-1945. It includes information and digital
reproductions of original documents exploring the nature of Italian
fascism covering political, educational, social, and racial policies. As a
starter go to the section:
Women and Fascism
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The Legacy of Liberal Patriarchy
Extract from the book "How
Mussolini Ruled Italian Women"
by Victoria de Grazia.This extract looks at background:
the attitude towards womens rights in Italy before 1914.
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Beyond the Black Shirt
Interesting review
article of the book on Fascist fashion
by Eugenia Paulicellil Looks at the attempts by the Fascist party to
control fashion and the fashion industry to create the the New
Italian Woman who would be "the model of femininity as represented
by the body-emphasizing cuts of knitted sportswear, and she would
accept her place in the patriarchal family, bound up in the
hand-tatted lace and embroidered aprons of traditional matronly
attire".
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Peasant Women
and Politics in Fascist Italy: The Massaie Rurali
A very detailed and
useful review of the Perry Willson book by
Jane Slaughter, Professor of History, University of New Mexico.
A worthwhile read. The
Massaie Rurali was the
Fascist Party's section for peasant women, which, with three
million members by 1943, became one of the largest of the regime's
mass mobilizing organizations.
Family & Motherhood
Resistance to Fascist
Policies
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The Softer Side of Resistance Concise student term paper by
Jenny Dahlstrom argues that
during the early years of Mussolini’s rule (which lasted from
1922-1943), public support for women’s issues was alive and well,
and even receiving some measure of toleration from the Fascist
government.
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A Sense of a Self: Myths of Italian
Resistance A useful review of the Jane Slaughter book,
Women and the Italian Resistance, 1943-45.
By
Andrea Peto, Central
European University.
 Fascism
& Mussolini:
Click to return to your casahistoria page or to explore extensive links to other
aspects of Mussolini's Italy.
casahistoria
home visit
caféhistoria
for updates and current topic news
2. Stalin's Russia
The role
of women
-
 Women at the Gates: Gender and Industry in Stalin's
Russia useful review by Choi Chatterjee
- California State University, of
the book by Wendy Z. Goldman
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Women
and Youth Under Stalin This page has been created by Katrina
Van Gorp. Includes sections on: The
roots of a feminist movement; The reality of sexual equality
under Stalin; The effects of the 5 year plans; The burdens of a
working women
§
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Women
and Marxism Under Stalin, many laws from the 1920s
related to women's emancipation were undone in favour of strengthening
the family. Divorce and child support if unmarried, became more
difficult to obtain, abortion was made illegal, and women lost rights
in the family. This is a selection of documents by Stalin about the
role of women.
§
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Women
and Marxism List of extracts from marxist women (eg Rosa
Luxemburg). Very comprehensive
Women &
the Economy
Women
and art
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Nazi & Soviet Art
Includes the perception of women in Nazi and Soviet political art movements
W omen and the Purges
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Gendercide Watch: Stalin's Purges
Under the dictatorship of Joseph
Stalin, tens of millions of ordinary individuals were executed or
imprisoned in labour camps that were little more than death camps.
Gender played an important role, and this site attempts to show how
the Purge period of Soviet history can be considered the worst gendercide of the twentieth century.
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Gulag
women An excellent site - especially as it details a number of victims
specifically and is well illustrated. Especially good on camps.
Women and the Great
Patriotic War
Stalin 1927-39:
Click to return to your casahistoria page or to explore extensive links to other
aspects of Stalin's USSR.
casahistoria
home visit
caféhistoria
for updates and current topic news
3. Nazi Germany
The role of women
Nazi women: case studies
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Women
of the Third Reich A series of biographies of women linked to the
History of the Third Reich
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Nazi Women Useful descriptions of a variety of women during
the Nazi period in Student projects of UC Santa Barbara
Women & art
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Nazi & Soviet Art
Includes the perception of women in Nazi and Soviet political art movements
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Reich Art
and
"Degenerate" Art Two well supported sites on art during the
Nazi period. Include examples of how women were to be
represented. Produced by
the Florida Center for Instructional Technology
Women & the
concentration camps
Eugenics &
sterilisation programmes
-
 Lebensborn:
Sleeping with the Enemy Article about impact of Lebensborn
policy in occupied Europe.
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Victims of Hitler's plan for a
master race Article from
The Guardian on a 2006 meeting of lebensborn "children". Good
backstory information
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Children
of Shame – Norway’s Dark Secret From Deutsche Welle. Places
Lebensborn in context and relates to
the story of
Frida
Lyngstad, (She was the illegitimate child of a Nazi officer and was in
fact Norwegian) singer with Swedish pop superstars Abba. In
addition, a
BBC news report
on Norway & Lebensborn, with witness accounts can be seen and listened to
here.
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Revealed: Nazi scheme to kidnap 'Aryan' children from occupied
countries. By Allan Hall. Useful review article of German
historian Volker Koop's new book "Give a Child to the Fuehrer -
the Lebensborn Organisation". Lebensborn programme is clearly
outlined.
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Sterilization During the Third Reich Six months after Hitler became Chancellor of Germany, the first German
compulsory sterilization law was created. Why did the Nazis do this and
who did they sterilize?
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Projekt
Memorial
Government funded memorial site in English outlining the
Euthanasia programme (also in German, Czech & Polish versions.)
Well presented and informative. Links
to euthansia/eugenics memorial sites. These well produced (with
government money) sites all contain detailed histories (Many are
also in English as well as German & Czech/Polish - just find the link on each
home page. If not click on
Geschichte
- history - and google translate)
Aftermath
-
 The
continuum of sexual violence in occupied Germany, 1945-49
By
Hsu-Ming Teo, University of Sydney, Australia. Difficult & lengthy
article from Women’s History Review, 1996, presenting a historical explanation for the male
sexual violence against German women in Occupied Germany, 1945-49.
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A Woman
in Berlin Excellent review of the 1945 (anonymous) diary by Linda Grant who
played a role in publicising the mass rapes of Croatian and Bosnian women by
Serb militias in the 1990's. The review gives many examples from the book of the
dehumanising process of the initial Red Army occupation as well as placing the
effect on Berlin's women in the context of modern war. Finally it looks at the
question of the evidence - how trustworthy is it (the familiar question to
students .......) and comes up with an uneasy parallel.
Hitler:
Click to return to your casahistoria page or to explore extensive links to other
aspects of Nazi Germany.
casahistoria
home visit
caféhistoria
for updates and current topic news
Communist China:
(a) Before the Revolution
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 100
Celebrated Chinese Women
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Women and Confucianism
Exploring Neo-Confucian Sayings. good
introduction to contemporary Chinese attitudes. Part of the Classroom lesson series from
womeninworldhistory.
Concise but with good witness support
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One Thousand Years of Chinese Footbinding: Its Origins, Popularity and Demise
Detailed essay by Marie Vento from Internet
Women's History Sourcebook
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Footbinding
Detailed, illustrated article from
Women's
Studies, Towson University
§
- Two articles on
the "hidden" written language of Hunan women:
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World of Nüshu Research by
Orie Endo of Bunkyo University on an endangered system of
writing invented by women for communication among women.
Basic layout, but a clear explanation
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Much Ado about Nüshu
Laura Miller article
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Engendering the Chinese Revolution:
Radical Women, Communist Politics, and Mass Movements in the
1920s Detailed,
but relatively concise article by in
Pacific Affairs,
Winter
1996/1997 by
Paul Bailey. Looks at the
involvement of women in the years preparatory to revolution.
§
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Ling Lung View online, the pre
communist Women's magazine showing westernisation changes in a
mostly-forgotten Pre-Communist China. Published in the 1930s in Shanghai,
China at a time when women’s role in society, at least in that
sophisticated and foreign-influenced metropolis, was in rapid
transition. Well produced
site.
Mao Tse-Tung
and
China & the West:
Click to return to your casahistoria page or to explore extensive links
to other aspects of China.
casahistoria
home visit
caféhistoria
for updates and current topic news
Communist China:
(b) Revolutionary Change
One child policy
Consequences
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Long March of China's Women Continues
by Nailene Chou Wiest Reuters. Good article. Takes a personalised
case-study approach to look at the reality & impact of the changes.
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Case Study: Female Infanticide
Focus: (1) India (2) China Detailed article from Gendercide Watch
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Cover-up of China's gender-cide
by Joseph Farah, in Western Journalism Center/FreeRepublic, 1997 which
refers to the gendercide as "the biggest single
holocaust in human history."
§
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The Dying Rooms Trust Site for the Brian Woods BBC
documentary that showed if a Chinese infant girl is turned over for
adoption rather than being killed, she risks being placed in one of
the notorious "Dying Rooms". Although they are described as orphans,
very few of them actually are; the overwhelming majority do have
parents, but their parents have abandoned them, simply because they
were born the wrong sex." Woods estimated that "up to a million baby
girls every year" were victims of this "mass desertion," deriving
from "the complex collision of [China's] notorious One Child Policy
and its traditional preference for sons.
§
See the next
section for the longer term impact on Chinese women.
Mao Tse-Tung
and
China & the West:
Click to return to your casahistoria page or to
explore extensive links to other aspects of China.
casahistoria
home visit
caféhistoria
for updates and current topic news
Communist China:
(c) The situation today
-
 China - Labor Lost:
China's Layoff Policy: Ladies First By
Matthew Forney
TIME Magazine. Article looks at the pessimistic reality
of the changes to women's position in modern China
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New women, old problems in China
BBC. Looks at reality of women in modern China.
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Growing Sex Imbalance Shocks China John Gittings in The
Guardian, May 2002. Describes a rise in the sex ratio of
newborn infants in China that suggests increasing numbers of female
foetuses are being aborted by parents intent on having a male child.
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China's Widely Flouted One-Child Policy Undercuts Its Census
Elisabeth Rosenthal, The New York Times, April 14, 2000 looks at the
deception arising from the one-child policy
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Unintended Pregnancy and Induced Abortion among Unmarried Women
in China: A Systematic Review Research article by Xu Qian et
al. BMC Health Services Research, Jan. 2004
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Red Light District
1999 study of prostitution in China by Pan Suiming, People's
University. Clearly presented
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Move over Mao, today's Chinese
revolution is sexual By
David J. Lynch, USA TODAY, 2003. Examines China's growing sex
industry.
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Witness
Accounts: Audio excerpts from a US PBS 12-part, half hour radio
series on the heart and soul of China's emerging women musical
and performance artists
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A Daughter's View
The daughter of China's first woman conductor, Su Zheng,
shares her difficulties living in the shadow of her famous
mother, and the responsibilities she shared with her mother
during the Cultural Revolution.
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COBRA - China Rocks!
China's first all-female rock bands talks about government
censorship of rock lyrics, and the hostility of male rock
bands.
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Female Buddhist Monk
In a remote section of northeast China, a female Buddhist
monk who has led her Manchu community for 50 years sings
Buddhist chant, which historian Pi-yen Chen analyzes.
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Tang Dynasty Today
Members of the China Conservatory recreate old musical
traditions on ancient instruments. Are modern audiences
interested?
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Anti-Japanese Protest Songs
77 year-old composer Qu Xi-xian, conductor Zheng
Xiaoying, and a 13 year-old pianist in Shenyang relay
the experiences of writing and performing music to
protest the Japanese invasion of China. Professor Lu
Xiaobo discusses the role of non-violent protest.
Mao Tse-Tung
and
China & the West:
Click to
return to your casahistoria page or to explore extensive links
to other
aspects of China.
casahistoria
home visit
caféhistoria
for updates and current topic news
5. Further Research
-
 A-Z facility
of the Genesis site. This is an excellent listing of sites relating to
women's history held in the Genesis database.
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Genesis is a mapping initiative, funded by the UK
Research Support Libraries Programme to identify and develop access to
women's history sources in the British Isles. The database holds
descriptions of women's history collections from libraries, archives
and museums from around the British Isles. Use it to search the
Genesis database by using a search box on the opening page.
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H-Women
Discussion Group - Scholarly discussion to communicate current
research and teaching interests, to test new ideas and to share
comments on current historiography.
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WWW Virtual Library of Women's History
This virtual library contains a very comprehensive list of
women's history in institutions and organizations
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Uncovering
Women's History in Archival Collections Maintained
by the Archives for Research on Women and Gender at the University of
Texas at San Antonio, this list is the most comprehensive source of
information about Internet sites related to women's archival
collections. Over 70 collections are identified and
listed geographically. A massive, serious,
list arranged geographically, this is the place for one-stop shopping
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Library
Collections Library
collections of original sources (letters, diaries, papers, etc.) on
the topic of women's history. From about.com.
Documents
casahistoria
home visit
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for updates and current topic news
casahistoria
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